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A termite nest can be considered as being composed of 2 parts, the inanimate and the animate. The animate is all of the termites living inside the colony, and the inanimate part is that the structure itself, which can be constructed by the termites. Nests can be broadly separated into three main categories: subterranean (completely below ground), epigeal (protruding above the soil surface), and arboreal (constructed above ground, but always connected to the ground via shield tubes).184 Epigeal nests (mounds) protrude from the ground with ground contact and are made out of earth and mud.

Most termites construct underground colonies rather than multifunctional nests and mounds.186 Primitive termites of today nest in wooden structures such as logs, stumps and the dead portions of trees, as did termites millions of years ago.184.

To build their nests, termites mostly utilize faeces, which have many desirable properties as a construction material. Other building materials include partially digested plant material, used in carton nests (arboreal nests built from faecal elements and wood), and soil, used in subterranean nest and mound construction. Not many nests are observable, as many nests in tropical woods are located underground.186 Species in the subfamily Apicotermitinae are great examples of subterranean nest contractors, since they only reside inside tunnels.

Nests and mounds protect the termites' soft bodies against desiccation, light, pathogens and parasites, in addition to providing a fortification against predators.188 Nests made out of carton are especially weak, and so the inhabitants utilize counter-attack strategies against invading predators. .

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Arboreal carton nests of mangrove swamp-dwelling Nasutitermes are enriched in lignin and depleted in cellulose and xylans. This change results from bacterial illness in the gut of the termites: they utilize their faeces as a carton building substance. Arboreal termites nests can account for as much as 2% of above ground carbon monoxide in Puerto Rican mangrove swamps.

Some species build intricate nests called polycalic nests; this habitat is called polycalism. Polycalic species of termites sort multiple nests, or calies, connected by subterranean chambers.107 The termite genera Apicotermes and Trinervitermes are known to have polycalic species.191 Polycalic nests news seem to be frequent in mound-building species although polycalic arboreal nests have been found in a few species of Nasutitermes.191.

Nests are considered mounds if they protrude from the planet's surface. A mound provides termites exactly the exact same protection as a nest but is stronger.189 Mounds found in regions having torrential and continuous rainfall are at risk of mound erosion as a result of their clay-rich construction. Those made from carton can offer protection against the rain, and in fact can withstand large precipitation.

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By way of instance, Cubitermes colonies construct narrow tunnels used as strong points, as the width of the tunnels is small enough for troops to obstruct.192 A highly protected chamber, known as the"queens mobile", houses the queen and king and is used as a final line of defence. .

Species in the genus Macrotermes arguably construct the most complicated structures in the insect world, constructing enormous mounds. These mounds are among the biggest in the world, reaching a height of 8 to 9 metres (26 to 29 ft ), and consist of chimneys, pinnacles and ridges.56 Another termite species, Amitermes meridionalis, can construct nests 3 to 4 metres (9 to 13 ft ) high and 2.5 metres (8 feet) wide.

The sculptured mounds occasionally have elaborate and distinctive types, such as those of their compass termite (Amitermes meridionalis and A. laurensis), which assembles tall, wedge-shaped mounds using the long axis oriented approximately northsouth, which gives them their common name.194195 This orientation has been experimentally shown to help thermoregulation. The north-south orientation causes the internal temperature of a mound to increase rapidly during the site web morning while avoiding overheating from the midday sun.

Termites construct shield tubes, also known as earthen tubes or sand tubes, that begin from the ground. These shelter tubes can be found on walls and other structures.197 Constructed by termites during the night, a time of high humidity, so these tubes offer protection to termites from potential predators, particularly ants.198 Shelter tubes also provide high humidity and darkness and allow workers to collect food sources that cannot be obtained in any other way.197 These passageways are made from soil and faeces and are normally brown in colour.

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They range from less than 1 cm to several cm in width, but might extend dozens of yards in length.198.

Owing to their wood-eating customs, many termite species can do significant harm to unprotected buildings and other wooden structures.199 Termites play an important role as decomposers of wood and vegetative material, and the conflict with humans happens where structures and landscapes containing structural timber components, cellulose derived structural materials and ornamental vegetation provide termites with a trusted source of food and moisture.200;Their habit of remaining concealed often results in their presence being undetected until the timbers are severely damaged, leaving a thin layer of a wall that protects them from the environment.201 Of the 3,106 species known, only 183 species cause damage; 83 species cause significant damage to wooden structures.199 In North America, 18 subterranean species are pests202; in Australia, 16 species have an economic effect; in the Indian subcontinent 26 species are considered pests, and in tropical Africa, 24.